vp9_encodeframe.c

/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
 *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
 *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
 *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
 *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
 */


#include "./vpx_config.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemb.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemv.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_common.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_onyx_int.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_extend.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_entropy.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_entropymode.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_quant_common.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_segmentation.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_setupintrarecon.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeintra.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_reconinter.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_invtrans.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_rdopt.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_findnearmv.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_reconintra.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_seg_common.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_tile_common.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_tokenize.h"
#include "./vp9_rtcd.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include "vpx_ports/vpx_timer.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_pred_common.h"
#include "vp9/common/vp9_mvref_common.h"

#define DBG_PRNT_SEGMAP 0

// #define ENC_DEBUG
#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
int enc_debug = 0;
#endif

void vp9_select_interp_filter_type(VP9_COMP *cpi);

static void encode_macroblock(VP9_COMP *cpi, TOKENEXTRA **t,
                              int output_enabled, int mb_row, int mb_col);

static void encode_superblock32(VP9_COMP *cpi, TOKENEXTRA **t,
                                int output_enabled, int mb_row, int mb_col);

static void encode_superblock64(VP9_COMP *cpi, TOKENEXTRA **t,
                                int output_enabled, int mb_row, int mb_col);

static void adjust_act_zbin(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x);

#ifdef MODE_STATS
unsigned int inter_y_modes[MB_MODE_COUNT];
unsigned int inter_uv_modes[VP9_UV_MODES];
unsigned int inter_b_modes[B_MODE_COUNT];
unsigned int y_modes[VP9_YMODES];
unsigned int i8x8_modes[VP9_I8X8_MODES];
unsigned int uv_modes[VP9_UV_MODES];
unsigned int uv_modes_y[VP9_YMODES][VP9_UV_MODES];
unsigned int b_modes[B_MODE_COUNT];
#endif


/* activity_avg must be positive, or flat regions could get a zero weight
 *  (infinite lambda), which confounds analysis.
 * This also avoids the need for divide by zero checks in
 *  vp9_activity_masking().
 */
#define VP9_ACTIVITY_AVG_MIN (64)

/* This is used as a reference when computing the source variance for the
 *  purposes of activity masking.
 * Eventually this should be replaced by custom no-reference routines,
 *  which will be faster.
 */
static const uint8_t VP9_VAR_OFFS[16] = {
  128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128
};


// Original activity measure from Tim T's code.
static unsigned int tt_activity_measure(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x) {
  unsigned int act;
  unsigned int sse;
  /* TODO: This could also be done over smaller areas (8x8), but that would
   *  require extensive changes elsewhere, as lambda is assumed to be fixed
   *  over an entire MB in most of the code.
   * Another option is to compute four 8x8 variances, and pick a single
   *  lambda using a non-linear combination (e.g., the smallest, or second
   *  smallest, etc.).
   */
  act = vp9_variance16x16(x->src.y_buffer, x->src.y_stride, VP9_VAR_OFFS, 0,
                          &sse);
  act <<= 4;

  /* If the region is flat, lower the activity some more. */
  if (act < 8 << 12)
    act = act < 5 << 12 ? act : 5 << 12;

  return act;
}

// Stub for alternative experimental activity measures.
static unsigned int alt_activity_measure(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                         MACROBLOCK *x, int use_dc_pred) {
  return vp9_encode_intra(cpi, x, use_dc_pred);
}


// Measure the activity of the current macroblock
// What we measure here is TBD so abstracted to this function
#define ALT_ACT_MEASURE 1
static unsigned int mb_activity_measure(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
                                        int mb_row, int mb_col) {
  unsigned int mb_activity;

  if (ALT_ACT_MEASURE) {
    int use_dc_pred = (mb_col || mb_row) && (!mb_col || !mb_row);

    // Or use and alternative.
    mb_activity = alt_activity_measure(cpi, x, use_dc_pred);
  } else {
    // Original activity measure from Tim T's code.
    mb_activity = tt_activity_measure(cpi, x);
  }

  if (mb_activity < VP9_ACTIVITY_AVG_MIN)
    mb_activity = VP9_ACTIVITY_AVG_MIN;

  return mb_activity;
}

// Calculate an "average" mb activity value for the frame
#define ACT_MEDIAN 0
static void calc_av_activity(VP9_COMP *cpi, int64_t activity_sum) {
#if ACT_MEDIAN
  // Find median: Simple n^2 algorithm for experimentation
  {
    unsigned int median;
    unsigned int i, j;
    unsigned int *sortlist;
    unsigned int tmp;

    // Create a list to sort to
    CHECK_MEM_ERROR(sortlist,
    vpx_calloc(sizeof(unsigned int),
    cpi->common.MBs));

    // Copy map to sort list
    vpx_memcpy(sortlist, cpi->mb_activity_map,
    sizeof(unsigned int) * cpi->common.MBs);


    // Ripple each value down to its correct position
    for (i = 1; i < cpi->common.MBs; i ++) {
      for (j = i; j > 0; j --) {
        if (sortlist[j] < sortlist[j - 1]) {
          // Swap values
          tmp = sortlist[j - 1];
          sortlist[j - 1] = sortlist[j];
          sortlist[j] = tmp;
        } else
          break;
      }
    }

    // Even number MBs so estimate median as mean of two either side.
    median = (1 + sortlist[cpi->common.MBs >> 1] +
              sortlist[(cpi->common.MBs >> 1) + 1]) >> 1;

    cpi->activity_avg = median;

    vpx_free(sortlist);
  }
#else
  // Simple mean for now
  cpi->activity_avg = (unsigned int)(activity_sum / cpi->common.MBs);
#endif

  if (cpi->activity_avg < VP9_ACTIVITY_AVG_MIN)
    cpi->activity_avg = VP9_ACTIVITY_AVG_MIN;

  // Experimental code: return fixed value normalized for several clips
  if (ALT_ACT_MEASURE)
    cpi->activity_avg = 100000;
}

#define USE_ACT_INDEX   0
#define OUTPUT_NORM_ACT_STATS   0

#if USE_ACT_INDEX
// Calculate and activity index for each mb
static void calc_activity_index(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  int mb_row, mb_col;

  int64_t act;
  int64_t a;
  int64_t b;

#if OUTPUT_NORM_ACT_STATS
  FILE *f = fopen("norm_act.stt", "a");
  fprintf(f, "\n%12d\n", cpi->activity_avg);
#endif

  // Reset pointers to start of activity map
  x->mb_activity_ptr = cpi->mb_activity_map;

  // Calculate normalized mb activity number.
  for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; mb_row++) {
    // for each macroblock col in image
    for (mb_col = 0; mb_col < cm->mb_cols; mb_col++) {
      // Read activity from the map
      act = *(x->mb_activity_ptr);

      // Calculate a normalized activity number
      a = act + 4 * cpi->activity_avg;
      b = 4 * act + cpi->activity_avg;

      if (b >= a)
        *(x->activity_ptr) = (int)((b + (a >> 1)) / a) - 1;
      else
        *(x->activity_ptr) = 1 - (int)((a + (b >> 1)) / b);

#if OUTPUT_NORM_ACT_STATS
      fprintf(f, " %6d", *(x->mb_activity_ptr));
#endif
      // Increment activity map pointers
      x->mb_activity_ptr++;
    }

#if OUTPUT_NORM_ACT_STATS
    fprintf(f, "\n");
#endif

  }

#if OUTPUT_NORM_ACT_STATS
  fclose(f);
#endif

}
#endif

// Loop through all MBs. Note activity of each, average activity and
// calculate a normalized activity for each
static void build_activity_map(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;

#if ALT_ACT_MEASURE
  YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *new_yv12 = &cm->yv12_fb[cm->new_fb_idx];
  int recon_yoffset;
  int recon_y_stride = new_yv12->y_stride;
#endif

  int mb_row, mb_col;
  unsigned int mb_activity;
  int64_t activity_sum = 0;

  // for each macroblock row in image
  for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; mb_row++) {
#if ALT_ACT_MEASURE
    // reset above block coeffs
    xd->up_available = (mb_row != 0);
    recon_yoffset = (mb_row * recon_y_stride * 16);
#endif
    // for each macroblock col in image
    for (mb_col = 0; mb_col < cm->mb_cols; mb_col++) {
#if ALT_ACT_MEASURE
      xd->dst.y_buffer = new_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
      xd->left_available = (mb_col != 0);
      recon_yoffset += 16;
#endif

      // measure activity
      mb_activity = mb_activity_measure(cpi, x, mb_row, mb_col);

      // Keep frame sum
      activity_sum += mb_activity;

      // Store MB level activity details.
      *x->mb_activity_ptr = mb_activity;

      // Increment activity map pointer
      x->mb_activity_ptr++;

      // adjust to the next column of source macroblocks
      x->src.y_buffer += 16;
    }


    // adjust to the next row of mbs
    x->src.y_buffer += 16 * x->src.y_stride - 16 * cm->mb_cols;

#if ALT_ACT_MEASURE
    // extend the recon for intra prediction
    vp9_extend_mb_row(new_yv12, xd->dst.y_buffer + 16,
                      xd->dst.u_buffer + 8, xd->dst.v_buffer + 8);
#endif

  }

  // Calculate an "average" MB activity
  calc_av_activity(cpi, activity_sum);

#if USE_ACT_INDEX
  // Calculate an activity index number of each mb
  calc_activity_index(cpi, x);
#endif

}

// Macroblock activity masking
void vp9_activity_masking(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x) {
#if USE_ACT_INDEX
  x->rdmult += *(x->mb_activity_ptr) * (x->rdmult >> 2);
  x->errorperbit = x->rdmult * 100 / (110 * x->rddiv);
  x->errorperbit += (x->errorperbit == 0);
#else
  int64_t a;
  int64_t b;
  int64_t act = *(x->mb_activity_ptr);

  // Apply the masking to the RD multiplier.
  a = act + (2 * cpi->activity_avg);
  b = (2 * act) + cpi->activity_avg;

  x->rdmult = (unsigned int)(((int64_t)x->rdmult * b + (a >> 1)) / a);
  x->errorperbit = x->rdmult * 100 / (110 * x->rddiv);
  x->errorperbit += (x->errorperbit == 0);
#endif

  // Activity based Zbin adjustment
  adjust_act_zbin(cpi, x);
}

#if CONFIG_NEW_MVREF
static int vp9_cost_mv_ref_id(vp9_prob * ref_id_probs, int mv_ref_id) {
  int cost;

  // Encode the index for the MV reference.
  switch (mv_ref_id) {
    case 0:
      cost = vp9_cost_zero(ref_id_probs[0]);
      break;
    case 1:
      cost = vp9_cost_one(ref_id_probs[0]);
      cost += vp9_cost_zero(ref_id_probs[1]);
      break;
    case 2:
      cost = vp9_cost_one(ref_id_probs[0]);
      cost += vp9_cost_one(ref_id_probs[1]);
      cost += vp9_cost_zero(ref_id_probs[2]);
      break;
    case 3:
      cost = vp9_cost_one(ref_id_probs[0]);
      cost += vp9_cost_one(ref_id_probs[1]);
      cost += vp9_cost_one(ref_id_probs[2]);
      break;

      // TRAP.. This should not happen
    default:
      assert(0);
      break;
  }
  return cost;
}

// Estimate the cost of each coding the vector using each reference candidate
static unsigned int pick_best_mv_ref(MACROBLOCK *x,
                                     MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
                                     int_mv target_mv,
                                     int_mv * mv_ref_list,
                                     int_mv * best_ref) {
  int i;
  int best_index = 0;
  int cost, cost2;
  int zero_seen = (mv_ref_list[0].as_int) ? FALSE : TRUE;
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  int max_mv = MV_MAX;

  cost = vp9_cost_mv_ref_id(xd->mb_mv_ref_probs[ref_frame], 0) +
         vp9_mv_bit_cost(&target_mv, &mv_ref_list[0], x->nmvjointcost,
                         x->mvcost, 96, xd->allow_high_precision_mv);

  for (i = 1; i < MAX_MV_REF_CANDIDATES; ++i) {
    // If we see a 0,0 reference vector for a second time we have reached
    // the end of the list of valid candidate vectors.
    if (!mv_ref_list[i].as_int) {
      if (zero_seen)
        break;
      else
        zero_seen = TRUE;
    }

    // Check for cases where the reference choice would give rise to an
    // uncodable/out of range residual for row or col.
    if ((abs(target_mv.as_mv.row - mv_ref_list[i].as_mv.row) > max_mv) ||
        (abs(target_mv.as_mv.col - mv_ref_list[i].as_mv.col) > max_mv)) {
      continue;
    }

    cost2 = vp9_cost_mv_ref_id(xd->mb_mv_ref_probs[ref_frame], i) +
            vp9_mv_bit_cost(&target_mv, &mv_ref_list[i], x->nmvjointcost,
                            x->mvcost, 96, xd->allow_high_precision_mv);

    if (cost2 < cost) {
      cost = cost2;
      best_index = i;
    }
  }
  best_ref->as_int = mv_ref_list[best_index].as_int;

  return best_index;
}
#endif

static void update_state(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                         PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx, int block_size,
                         int output_enabled) {
  int i, x_idx, y;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MODE_INFO *mi = &ctx->mic;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &xd->mode_info_context->mbmi;
  int mb_mode = mi->mbmi.mode;
  int mb_mode_index = ctx->best_mode_index;
  const int mis = cpi->common.mode_info_stride;
  int mb_block_size = 1 << mi->mbmi.sb_type;

#if CONFIG_DEBUG
  assert(mb_mode < MB_MODE_COUNT);
  assert(mb_mode_index < MAX_MODES);
  assert(mi->mbmi.ref_frame < MAX_REF_FRAMES);
#endif
  assert(mi->mbmi.sb_type == (block_size >> 5));

  // Restore the coding context of the MB to that that was in place
  // when the mode was picked for it
  for (y = 0; y < mb_block_size; y++) {
    for (x_idx = 0; x_idx < mb_block_size; x_idx++) {
      if ((xd->mb_to_right_edge >> 7) + mb_block_size > x_idx &&
          (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> 7) + mb_block_size > y) {
        MODE_INFO *mi_addr = xd->mode_info_context + x_idx + y * mis;

        vpx_memcpy(mi_addr, mi, sizeof(MODE_INFO));
      }
    }
  }
  if (block_size == 16) {
    ctx->txfm_rd_diff[ALLOW_32X32] = ctx->txfm_rd_diff[ALLOW_16X16];
  }

  if (mb_mode == B_PRED) {
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
      xd->block[i].bmi.as_mode = xd->mode_info_context->bmi[i].as_mode;
      assert(xd->block[i].bmi.as_mode.first < B_MODE_COUNT);
    }
  } else if (mb_mode == I8X8_PRED) {
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
      xd->block[i].bmi = xd->mode_info_context->bmi[i];
    }
  } else if (mb_mode == SPLITMV) {
    vpx_memcpy(x->partition_info, &ctx->partition_info,
               sizeof(PARTITION_INFO));

    mbmi->mv[0].as_int = x->partition_info->bmi[15].mv.as_int;
    mbmi->mv[1].as_int = x->partition_info->bmi[15].second_mv.as_int;
  }

  x->skip = ctx->skip;
  if (!output_enabled)
    return;

  {
    int segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
    if (!vp9_segfeature_active(xd, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) {
      for (i = 0; i < NB_TXFM_MODES; i++) {
        cpi->rd_tx_select_diff[i] += ctx->txfm_rd_diff[i];
      }
    }
  }

  if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
    // Restore the coding modes to that held in the coding context
    // if (mb_mode == B_PRED)
    //    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    //    {
    //        xd->block[i].bmi.as_mode =
    //                          xd->mode_info_context->bmi[i].as_mode;
    //        assert(xd->mode_info_context->bmi[i].as_mode < MB_MODE_COUNT);
    //    }
#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
    static const int kf_mode_index[] = {
      THR_DC /*DC_PRED*/,
      THR_V_PRED /*V_PRED*/,
      THR_H_PRED /*H_PRED*/,
      THR_D45_PRED /*D45_PRED*/,
      THR_D135_PRED /*D135_PRED*/,
      THR_D117_PRED /*D117_PRED*/,
      THR_D153_PRED /*D153_PRED*/,
      THR_D27_PRED /*D27_PRED*/,
      THR_D63_PRED /*D63_PRED*/,
      THR_TM /*TM_PRED*/,
      THR_I8X8_PRED /*I8X8_PRED*/,
      THR_B_PRED /*B_PRED*/,
    };
    cpi->mode_chosen_counts[kf_mode_index[mb_mode]]++;
#endif
  } else {
    /*
            // Reduce the activation RD thresholds for the best choice mode
            if ((cpi->rd_baseline_thresh[mb_mode_index] > 0) &&
                (cpi->rd_baseline_thresh[mb_mode_index] < (INT_MAX >> 2)))
            {
                int best_adjustment = (cpi->rd_thresh_mult[mb_mode_index] >> 2);

                cpi->rd_thresh_mult[mb_mode_index] =
                        (cpi->rd_thresh_mult[mb_mode_index]
                         >= (MIN_THRESHMULT + best_adjustment)) ?
                                cpi->rd_thresh_mult[mb_mode_index] - best_adjustment :
                                MIN_THRESHMULT;
                cpi->rd_threshes[mb_mode_index] =
                        (cpi->rd_baseline_thresh[mb_mode_index] >> 7)
                        * cpi->rd_thresh_mult[mb_mode_index];

            }
    */
    // Note how often each mode chosen as best
    cpi->mode_chosen_counts[mb_mode_index]++;
    if (mbmi->mode == SPLITMV || mbmi->mode == NEWMV) {
      int_mv best_mv, best_second_mv;
      MV_REFERENCE_FRAME rf = mbmi->ref_frame;
#if CONFIG_NEW_MVREF
      unsigned int best_index;
      MV_REFERENCE_FRAME sec_ref_frame = mbmi->second_ref_frame;
#endif
      best_mv.as_int = ctx->best_ref_mv.as_int;
      best_second_mv.as_int = ctx->second_best_ref_mv.as_int;
      if (mbmi->mode == NEWMV) {
        best_mv.as_int = mbmi->ref_mvs[rf][0].as_int;
        best_second_mv.as_int = mbmi->ref_mvs[mbmi->second_ref_frame][0].as_int;
#if CONFIG_NEW_MVREF
        best_index = pick_best_mv_ref(x, rf, mbmi->mv[0],
                                      mbmi->ref_mvs[rf], &best_mv);
        mbmi->best_index = best_index;
        ++cpi->mb_mv_ref_count[rf][best_index];

        if (mbmi->second_ref_frame > 0) {
          unsigned int best_index;
          best_index =
              pick_best_mv_ref(x, sec_ref_frame, mbmi->mv[1],
                               mbmi->ref_mvs[sec_ref_frame],
                               &best_second_mv);
          mbmi->best_second_index = best_index;
          ++cpi->mb_mv_ref_count[sec_ref_frame][best_index];
        }
#endif
      }
      mbmi->best_mv.as_int = best_mv.as_int;
      mbmi->best_second_mv.as_int = best_second_mv.as_int;
      vp9_update_nmv_count(cpi, x, &best_mv, &best_second_mv);
    }
#if CONFIG_COMP_INTERINTRA_PRED
    if (mbmi->mode >= NEARESTMV && mbmi->mode < SPLITMV &&
        mbmi->second_ref_frame <= INTRA_FRAME) {
      if (mbmi->second_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
        ++cpi->interintra_count[1];
        ++cpi->ymode_count[mbmi->interintra_mode];
#if SEPARATE_INTERINTRA_UV
        ++cpi->y_uv_mode_count[mbmi->interintra_mode][mbmi->interintra_uv_mode];
#endif
      } else {
        ++cpi->interintra_count[0];
      }
    }
#endif
    if (cpi->common.mcomp_filter_type == SWITCHABLE &&
        mbmi->mode >= NEARESTMV &&
        mbmi->mode <= SPLITMV) {
      ++cpi->switchable_interp_count
          [vp9_get_pred_context(&cpi->common, xd, PRED_SWITCHABLE_INTERP)]
          [vp9_switchable_interp_map[mbmi->interp_filter]];
    }

    cpi->prediction_error += ctx->distortion;
    cpi->intra_error += ctx->intra_error;

    cpi->rd_comp_pred_diff[SINGLE_PREDICTION_ONLY] += ctx->single_pred_diff;
    cpi->rd_comp_pred_diff[COMP_PREDICTION_ONLY]   += ctx->comp_pred_diff;
    cpi->rd_comp_pred_diff[HYBRID_PREDICTION]      += ctx->hybrid_pred_diff;
  }
}

static unsigned find_seg_id(uint8_t *buf, int block_size,
                            int start_y, int height, int start_x, int width) {
  const int end_x = MIN(start_x + block_size, width);
  const int end_y = MIN(start_y + block_size, height);
  int x, y;
  unsigned seg_id = -1;

  buf += width * start_y;
  for (y = start_y; y < end_y; y++, buf += width) {
    for (x = start_x; x < end_x; x++) {
      seg_id = MIN(seg_id, buf[x]);
    }
  }

  return seg_id;
}

static void set_offsets(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                        int mb_row, int mb_col, int block_size) {
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi;
  const int dst_fb_idx = cm->new_fb_idx;
  const int idx_map = mb_row * cm->mb_cols + mb_col;
  const int idx_str = xd->mode_info_stride * mb_row + mb_col;

#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
  enc_debug = (cpi->common.current_video_frame == 2 &&
               mb_row == 4 && mb_col == 5);
#endif
  // entropy context structures
  xd->above_context = cm->above_context + mb_col;
  xd->left_context  = cm->left_context + (mb_row & 3);

  // GF active flags data structure
  x->gf_active_ptr = (signed char *)&cpi->gf_active_flags[idx_map];

  // Activity map pointer
  x->mb_activity_ptr = &cpi->mb_activity_map[idx_map];
  x->active_ptr = cpi->active_map + idx_map;

  /* pointers to mode info contexts */
  x->partition_info          = x->pi + idx_str;
  xd->mode_info_context      = cm->mi + idx_str;
  mbmi = &xd->mode_info_context->mbmi;
  xd->prev_mode_info_context = cm->prev_mi + idx_str;

  // Set up destination pointers
  setup_pred_block(&xd->dst,
                   &cm->yv12_fb[dst_fb_idx],
                   mb_row, mb_col, NULL, NULL);

  /* Set up limit values for MV components to prevent them from
   * extending beyond the UMV borders assuming 16x16 block size */
  x->mv_row_min = -((mb_row * 16) + VP9BORDERINPIXELS - VP9_INTERP_EXTEND);
  x->mv_col_min = -((mb_col * 16) + VP9BORDERINPIXELS - VP9_INTERP_EXTEND);
  x->mv_row_max = ((cm->mb_rows - mb_row) * 16 +
                   (VP9BORDERINPIXELS - block_size - VP9_INTERP_EXTEND));
  x->mv_col_max = ((cm->mb_cols - mb_col) * 16 +
                   (VP9BORDERINPIXELS - block_size - VP9_INTERP_EXTEND));

  // Set up distance of MB to edge of frame in 1/8th pel units
  block_size >>= 4;  // in macroblock units
  assert(!(mb_col & (block_size - 1)) && !(mb_row & (block_size - 1)));
  xd->mb_to_top_edge    = -((mb_row * 16) << 3);
  xd->mb_to_left_edge   = -((mb_col * 16) << 3);
  xd->mb_to_bottom_edge = ((cm->mb_rows - block_size - mb_row) * 16) << 3;
  xd->mb_to_right_edge  = ((cm->mb_cols - block_size - mb_col) * 16) << 3;

  // Are edges available for intra prediction?
  xd->up_available    = (mb_row != 0);
  xd->left_available  = (mb_col > cm->cur_tile_mb_col_start);
  xd->right_available = (mb_col + block_size < cm->cur_tile_mb_col_end);

  /* set up source buffers */
  setup_pred_block(&x->src, cpi->Source, mb_row, mb_col, NULL, NULL);

  /* R/D setup */
  x->rddiv = cpi->RDDIV;
  x->rdmult = cpi->RDMULT;

  /* segment ID */
  if (xd->segmentation_enabled) {
    if (xd->update_mb_segmentation_map) {
      mbmi->segment_id = find_seg_id(cpi->segmentation_map, block_size,
                                     mb_row, cm->mb_rows, mb_col, cm->mb_cols);
    } else {
      mbmi->segment_id = find_seg_id(cm->last_frame_seg_map, block_size,
                                     mb_row, cm->mb_rows, mb_col, cm->mb_cols);
    }
    assert(mbmi->segment_id <= 3);
    vp9_mb_init_quantizer(cpi, x);

    if (xd->segmentation_enabled && cpi->seg0_cnt > 0 &&
        !vp9_segfeature_active(xd, 0, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
        vp9_segfeature_active(xd, 1, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, INTRA_FRAME)  +
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, LAST_FRAME)   +
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, GOLDEN_FRAME) +
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, ALTREF_FRAME) == 1) {
      cpi->seg0_progress = (cpi->seg0_idx << 16) / cpi->seg0_cnt;
    } else {
      const int y = mb_row & ~3;
      const int x = mb_col & ~3;
      const int p16 = ((mb_row & 1) << 1) +  (mb_col & 1);
      const int p32 = ((mb_row & 2) << 2) + ((mb_col & 2) << 1);
      const int tile_progress = cm->cur_tile_mb_col_start * cm->mb_rows;
      const int mb_cols = cm->cur_tile_mb_col_end - cm->cur_tile_mb_col_start;

      cpi->seg0_progress =
          ((y * mb_cols + x * 4 + p32 + p16 + tile_progress) << 16) / cm->MBs;
    }
  } else {
    mbmi->segment_id = 0;
  }
}

static int pick_mb_modes(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                         int mb_row0,
                         int mb_col0,
                         TOKENEXTRA **tp,
                         int *totalrate,
                         int *totaldist) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  int i;
  int splitmodes_used = 0;
  ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES left_context[2];
  ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES above_context[2];
  ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES *initial_above_context_ptr = cm->above_context
                                                      + mb_col0;

  /* Function should not modify L & A contexts; save and restore on exit */
  vpx_memcpy(left_context,
             cm->left_context + (mb_row0 & 2),
             sizeof(left_context));
  vpx_memcpy(above_context,
             initial_above_context_ptr,
             sizeof(above_context));

  /* Encode MBs in raster order within the SB */
  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    const int x_idx = i & 1, y_idx = i >> 1;
    const int mb_row = mb_row0 + y_idx;
    const int mb_col = mb_col0 + x_idx;
    MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi;

    if ((mb_row >= cm->mb_rows) || (mb_col >= cm->mb_cols)) {
      // MB lies outside frame, move on
      continue;
    }

    // Index of the MB in the SB 0..3
    xd->mb_index = i;
    set_offsets(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, 16);

    if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM)
      vp9_activity_masking(cpi, x);

    mbmi = &xd->mode_info_context->mbmi;
    mbmi->sb_type = BLOCK_SIZE_MB16X16;

    // Find best coding mode & reconstruct the MB so it is available
    // as a predictor for MBs that follow in the SB
    if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
      int r, d;
#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
      if (enc_debug)
        printf("intra pick_mb_modes %d %d\n", mb_row, mb_col);
#endif
      vp9_rd_pick_intra_mode(cpi, x, &r, &d);
      *totalrate += r;
      *totaldist += d;

      // Dummy encode, do not do the tokenization
      encode_macroblock(cpi, tp, 0, mb_row, mb_col);

      // Note the encoder may have changed the segment_id

      // Save the coding context
      vpx_memcpy(&x->mb_context[xd->sb_index][i].mic, xd->mode_info_context,
                 sizeof(MODE_INFO));
    } else {
      int seg_id, r, d;

#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
      if (enc_debug)
        printf("inter pick_mb_modes %d %d\n", mb_row, mb_col);
#endif
      vp9_pick_mode_inter_macroblock(cpi, x, mb_row, mb_col, &r, &d);
      *totalrate += r;
      *totaldist += d;

      splitmodes_used += (mbmi->mode == SPLITMV);

      // Dummy encode, do not do the tokenization
      encode_macroblock(cpi, tp, 0, mb_row, mb_col);

      seg_id = mbmi->segment_id;
      if (cpi->mb.e_mbd.segmentation_enabled && seg_id == 0) {
        cpi->seg0_idx++;
      }
      if (!xd->segmentation_enabled ||
          !vp9_segfeature_active(xd, seg_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) ||
          vp9_check_segref(xd, seg_id, INTRA_FRAME)  +
          vp9_check_segref(xd, seg_id, LAST_FRAME)   +
          vp9_check_segref(xd, seg_id, GOLDEN_FRAME) +
          vp9_check_segref(xd, seg_id, ALTREF_FRAME) > 1) {
        // Get the prediction context and status
        int pred_flag = vp9_get_pred_flag(xd, PRED_REF);
        int pred_context = vp9_get_pred_context(cm, xd, PRED_REF);

        // Count prediction success
        cpi->ref_pred_count[pred_context][pred_flag]++;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Restore L & A coding context to those in place on entry */
  vpx_memcpy(cm->left_context + (mb_row0 & 2),
             left_context,
             sizeof(left_context));
  vpx_memcpy(initial_above_context_ptr,
             above_context,
             sizeof(above_context));

  return splitmodes_used;
}

static void pick_sb_modes(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                          int mb_row,
                          int mb_col,
                          TOKENEXTRA **tp,
                          int *totalrate,
                          int *totaldist) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;

  set_offsets(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, 32);
  xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.sb_type = BLOCK_SIZE_SB32X32;
  if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM)
    vp9_activity_masking(cpi, x);

  /* Find best coding mode & reconstruct the MB so it is available
   * as a predictor for MBs that follow in the SB */
  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
    vp9_rd_pick_intra_mode_sb32(cpi, x,
                                totalrate,
                                totaldist);

    /* Save the coding context */
    vpx_memcpy(&x->sb32_context[xd->sb_index].mic, xd->mode_info_context,
               sizeof(MODE_INFO));
  } else {
    vp9_rd_pick_inter_mode_sb32(cpi, x, mb_row, mb_col, totalrate, totaldist);
  }
}

static void pick_sb64_modes(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                            int mb_row,
                            int mb_col,
                            TOKENEXTRA **tp,
                            int *totalrate,
                            int *totaldist) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;

  set_offsets(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, 64);
  xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.sb_type = BLOCK_SIZE_SB64X64;
  if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM)
    vp9_activity_masking(cpi, x);

  /* Find best coding mode & reconstruct the MB so it is available
   * as a predictor for MBs that follow in the SB */
  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
    vp9_rd_pick_intra_mode_sb64(cpi, x, totalrate, totaldist);

    /* Save the coding context */
    vpx_memcpy(&x->sb64_context.mic, xd->mode_info_context, sizeof(MODE_INFO));
  } else {
    vp9_rd_pick_inter_mode_sb64(cpi, x, mb_row, mb_col, totalrate, totaldist);
  }
}

static void update_stats(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MODE_INFO *mi = xd->mode_info_context;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mi->mbmi;

  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
#ifdef MODE_STATS
    y_modes[mbmi->mode]++;
#endif
  } else {
    int segment_id, seg_ref_active;

    if (mbmi->ref_frame) {
      int pred_context = vp9_get_pred_context(cm, xd, PRED_COMP);

      if (mbmi->second_ref_frame <= INTRA_FRAME)
        cpi->single_pred_count[pred_context]++;
      else
        cpi->comp_pred_count[pred_context]++;
    }

#ifdef MODE_STATS
    inter_y_modes[mbmi->mode]++;

    if (mbmi->mode == SPLITMV) {
      int b;

      for (b = 0; b < x->partition_info->count; b++) {
        inter_b_modes[x->partition_info->bmi[b].mode]++;
      }
    }
#endif

    // If we have just a single reference frame coded for a segment then
    // exclude from the reference frame counts used to work out
    // probabilities. NOTE: At the moment we dont support custom trees
    // for the reference frame coding for each segment but this is a
    // possible future action.
    segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
    seg_ref_active = vp9_segfeature_active(xd, segment_id,
                                           SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME);
    if (!seg_ref_active ||
        ((vp9_check_segref(xd, segment_id, INTRA_FRAME) +
          vp9_check_segref(xd, segment_id, LAST_FRAME) +
          vp9_check_segref(xd, segment_id, GOLDEN_FRAME) +
          vp9_check_segref(xd, segment_id, ALTREF_FRAME)) > 1)) {
      cpi->count_mb_ref_frame_usage[mbmi->ref_frame]++;
    }
    // Count of last ref frame 0,0 usage
    if ((mbmi->mode == ZEROMV) && (mbmi->ref_frame == LAST_FRAME))
      cpi->inter_zz_count++;
  }
}

static void encode_sb(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                      int mb_row,
                      int mb_col,
                      int output_enabled,
                      TOKENEXTRA **tp, int is_sb) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;

  cpi->sb32_count[is_sb]++;
  if (is_sb) {
    set_offsets(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, 32);
    update_state(cpi, &x->sb32_context[xd->sb_index], 32, output_enabled);

    encode_superblock32(cpi, tp,
                        output_enabled, mb_row, mb_col);
    if (output_enabled)
      update_stats(cpi);

    if (output_enabled) {
      (*tp)->Token = EOSB_TOKEN;
      (*tp)++;
      if (mb_row < cm->mb_rows)
        cpi->tplist[mb_row].stop = *tp;
    }
  } else {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      const int x_idx = i & 1, y_idx = i >> 1;

      if ((mb_row + y_idx >= cm->mb_rows) || (mb_col + x_idx >= cm->mb_cols)) {
        // MB lies outside frame, move on
        continue;
      }

      set_offsets(cpi, mb_row + y_idx, mb_col + x_idx, 16);
      xd->mb_index = i;
      update_state(cpi, &x->mb_context[xd->sb_index][i], 16, output_enabled);

      if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM)
        vp9_activity_masking(cpi, x);

      encode_macroblock(cpi, tp,
                        output_enabled, mb_row + y_idx, mb_col + x_idx);
      if (output_enabled)
        update_stats(cpi);

      if (output_enabled) {
        (*tp)->Token = EOSB_TOKEN;
        (*tp)++;
        if (mb_row + y_idx < cm->mb_rows)
          cpi->tplist[mb_row + y_idx].stop = *tp;
      }
    }
  }

  // debug output
#if DBG_PRNT_SEGMAP
  {
    FILE *statsfile;
    statsfile = fopen("segmap2.stt", "a");
    fprintf(statsfile, "\n");
    fclose(statsfile);
  }
#endif
}

static void encode_sb64(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                        int mb_row,
                        int mb_col,
                        TOKENEXTRA **tp, int is_sb[4]) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;

  cpi->sb64_count[is_sb[0] == 2]++;
  if (is_sb[0] == 2) {
    set_offsets(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, 64);
    update_state(cpi, &x->sb64_context, 64, 1);
    encode_superblock64(cpi, tp,
                        1, mb_row, mb_col);
    update_stats(cpi);

    (*tp)->Token = EOSB_TOKEN;
    (*tp)++;
    if (mb_row < cm->mb_rows)
      cpi->tplist[mb_row].stop = *tp;
  } else {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      const int x_idx = i & 1, y_idx = i >> 1;

      if (mb_row + y_idx * 2 >= cm->mb_rows ||
          mb_col + x_idx * 2 >= cm->mb_cols) {
        // MB lies outside frame, move on
        continue;
      }
      xd->sb_index = i;
      encode_sb(cpi, mb_row + 2 * y_idx, mb_col + 2 * x_idx, 1, tp,
                is_sb[i]);
    }
  }
}

static void encode_sb_row(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                          int mb_row,
                          TOKENEXTRA **tp,
                          int *totalrate) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  int mb_col;

  // Initialize the left context for the new SB row
  vpx_memset(cm->left_context, 0, sizeof(cm->left_context));

  // Code each SB in the row
  for (mb_col = cm->cur_tile_mb_col_start;
       mb_col < cm->cur_tile_mb_col_end; mb_col += 4) {
    int i;
    int sb32_rate = 0, sb32_dist = 0;
    int is_sb[4];
    int sb64_rate = INT_MAX, sb64_dist;
    int sb64_skip = 0;
    ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES l[4], a[4];
    TOKENEXTRA *tp_orig = *tp;

    memcpy(&a, cm->above_context + mb_col, sizeof(a));
    memcpy(&l, cm->left_context, sizeof(l));
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      const int x_idx = (i & 1) << 1, y_idx = i & 2;
      int mb_rate = 0, mb_dist = 0;
      int sb_rate = INT_MAX, sb_dist;
      int splitmodes_used = 0;
      int sb32_skip = 0;

      if (mb_row + y_idx >= cm->mb_rows || mb_col + x_idx >= cm->mb_cols)
        continue;

      xd->sb_index = i;

      splitmodes_used = pick_mb_modes(cpi, mb_row + y_idx, mb_col + x_idx,
                                      tp, &mb_rate, &mb_dist);

      mb_rate += vp9_cost_bit(cm->sb32_coded, 0);

      if (cpi->sf.splitmode_breakout) {
        sb32_skip = splitmodes_used;
        sb64_skip += splitmodes_used;
      }

      if ( !sb32_skip &&
           !(((cm->mb_cols & 1) && mb_col + x_idx == cm->mb_cols - 1) ||
             ((cm->mb_rows & 1) && mb_row + y_idx == cm->mb_rows - 1))) {
        /* Pick a mode assuming that it applies to all 4 of the MBs in the SB */
        pick_sb_modes(cpi, mb_row + y_idx, mb_col + x_idx,
                      tp, &sb_rate, &sb_dist);
        sb_rate += vp9_cost_bit(cm->sb32_coded, 1);
      }

      /* Decide whether to encode as a SB or 4xMBs */
      if (sb_rate < INT_MAX &&
          RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, sb_rate, sb_dist) <
              RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, mb_rate, mb_dist)) {
        is_sb[i] = 1;
        sb32_rate += sb_rate;
        sb32_dist += sb_dist;
      } else {
        is_sb[i] = 0;
        sb32_rate += mb_rate;
        sb32_dist += mb_dist;

        // If we used 16x16 instead of 32x32 then skip 64x64 (if enabled).
        if (cpi->sf.mb16_breakout) {
          ++sb64_skip;
        }
      }

      /* Encode SB using best computed mode(s) */
      // FIXME(rbultje): there really shouldn't be any need to encode_mb/sb
      // for each level that we go up, we can just keep tokens and recon
      // pixels of the lower level; also, inverting SB/MB order (big->small
      // instead of small->big) means we can use as threshold for small, which
      // may enable breakouts if RD is not good enough (i.e. faster)
      encode_sb(cpi, mb_row + y_idx, mb_col + x_idx, 0, tp, is_sb[i]);
    }

    memcpy(cm->above_context + mb_col, &a, sizeof(a));
    memcpy(cm->left_context, &l, sizeof(l));
    sb32_rate += vp9_cost_bit(cm->sb64_coded, 0);

    if (!sb64_skip &&
        !(((cm->mb_cols & 3) && mb_col + 3 >= cm->mb_cols) ||
          ((cm->mb_rows & 3) && mb_row + 3 >= cm->mb_rows))) {
      pick_sb64_modes(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, tp, &sb64_rate, &sb64_dist);
      sb64_rate += vp9_cost_bit(cm->sb64_coded, 1);
    }

    /* Decide whether to encode as a SB or 4xMBs */
    if (sb64_rate < INT_MAX &&
        RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, sb64_rate, sb64_dist) <
            RDCOST(x->rdmult, x->rddiv, sb32_rate, sb32_dist)) {
      is_sb[0] = 2;
      *totalrate += sb64_rate;
    } else {
      *totalrate += sb32_rate;
    }

    assert(tp_orig == *tp);
    encode_sb64(cpi, mb_row, mb_col, tp, is_sb);
    assert(tp_orig < *tp);
  }
}

static void init_encode_frame_mb_context(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;

  x->act_zbin_adj = 0;
  cpi->seg0_idx = 0;
  vpx_memset(cpi->ref_pred_count, 0, sizeof(cpi->ref_pred_count));

  xd->mode_info_stride = cm->mode_info_stride;
  xd->frame_type = cm->frame_type;

  xd->frames_since_golden = cm->frames_since_golden;
  xd->frames_till_alt_ref_frame = cm->frames_till_alt_ref_frame;

  // reset intra mode contexts
  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
    vp9_init_mbmode_probs(cm);

  // Copy data over into macro block data structures.
  x->src = *cpi->Source;
  xd->pre = cm->yv12_fb[cm->ref_frame_map[cpi->lst_fb_idx]];
  xd->dst = cm->yv12_fb[cm->new_fb_idx];

  // set up frame for intra coded blocks
  vp9_setup_intra_recon(&cm->yv12_fb[cm->new_fb_idx]);

  vp9_build_block_offsets(x);

  vp9_setup_block_dptrs(&x->e_mbd);

  vp9_setup_block_ptrs(x);

  xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.mode = DC_PRED;
  xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.uv_mode = DC_PRED;

  vp9_zero(cpi->count_mb_ref_frame_usage)
  vp9_zero(cpi->bmode_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->ymode_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->i8x8_mode_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->y_uv_mode_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->sub_mv_ref_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->mbsplit_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->common.fc.mv_ref_ct)
  vp9_zero(cpi->sb_ymode_count)
  vp9_zero(cpi->sb32_count);
  vp9_zero(cpi->sb64_count);
#if CONFIG_COMP_INTERINTRA_PRED
  vp9_zero(cpi->interintra_count);
  vp9_zero(cpi->interintra_select_count);
#endif

  vpx_memset(cm->above_context, 0,
             sizeof(ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES) * cm->mb_cols);

  xd->fullpixel_mask = cm->full_pixel ? 0xfffffff8 : 0xffffffff;
}

static void switch_lossless_mode(VP9_COMP *cpi, int lossless) {
  if (lossless) {
    cpi->mb.fwd_txm8x4            = vp9_short_walsh8x4_x8;
    cpi->mb.fwd_txm4x4            = vp9_short_walsh4x4_x8;
    cpi->mb.e_mbd.inv_txm4x4_1    = vp9_short_inv_walsh4x4_1_x8;
    cpi->mb.e_mbd.inv_txm4x4      = vp9_short_inv_walsh4x4_x8;
    cpi->mb.optimize              = 0;
    cpi->common.filter_level      = 0;
    cpi->zbin_mode_boost_enabled  = FALSE;
    cpi->common.txfm_mode         = ONLY_4X4;
  } else {
    cpi->mb.fwd_txm8x4            = vp9_short_fdct8x4;
    cpi->mb.fwd_txm4x4            = vp9_short_fdct4x4;
    cpi->mb.e_mbd.inv_txm4x4_1    = vp9_short_idct4x4llm_1;
    cpi->mb.e_mbd.inv_txm4x4      = vp9_short_idct4x4llm;
  }
}


static void encode_frame_internal(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
  int mb_row;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  int totalrate;

//   fprintf(stderr, "encode_frame_internal frame %d (%d)\n",
//          cpi->common.current_video_frame, cpi->common.show_frame);

  // Compute a modified set of reference frame probabilities to use when
  // prediction fails. These are based on the current general estimates for
  // this frame which may be updated with each iteration of the recode loop.
  vp9_compute_mod_refprobs(cm);

// debug output
#if DBG_PRNT_SEGMAP
  {
    FILE *statsfile;
    statsfile = fopen("segmap2.stt", "a");
    fprintf(statsfile, "\n");
    fclose(statsfile);
  }
#endif

  totalrate = 0;

  // Reset frame count of inter 0,0 motion vector usage.
  cpi->inter_zz_count = 0;

  cpi->prediction_error = 0;
  cpi->intra_error = 0;
  cpi->skip_true_count[0] = cpi->skip_true_count[1] = cpi->skip_true_count[2] = 0;
  cpi->skip_false_count[0] = cpi->skip_false_count[1] = cpi->skip_false_count[2] = 0;

  vp9_zero(cpi->switchable_interp_count);
  vp9_zero(cpi->best_switchable_interp_count);

  xd->mode_info_context = cm->mi;
  xd->prev_mode_info_context = cm->prev_mi;

  vp9_zero(cpi->NMVcount);
  vp9_zero(cpi->coef_counts_4x4);
  vp9_zero(cpi->coef_counts_8x8);
  vp9_zero(cpi->coef_counts_16x16);
  vp9_zero(cpi->coef_counts_32x32);
#if CONFIG_NEW_MVREF
  vp9_zero(cpi->mb_mv_ref_count);
#endif


  // force lossless mode when Q0 is selected
  cpi->mb.e_mbd.lossless = (cm->base_qindex == 0 &&
                            cm->y1dc_delta_q == 0 &&
                            cm->uvdc_delta_q == 0 &&
                            cm->uvac_delta_q == 0);
  switch_lossless_mode(cpi, cpi->mb.e_mbd.lossless);

  vp9_frame_init_quantizer(cpi);

  vp9_initialize_rd_consts(cpi, cm->base_qindex + cm->y1dc_delta_q);
  vp9_initialize_me_consts(cpi, cm->base_qindex);

  if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM) {
    // Initialize encode frame context.
    init_encode_frame_mb_context(cpi);

    // Build a frame level activity map
    build_activity_map(cpi);
  }

  // re-initencode frame context.
  init_encode_frame_mb_context(cpi);

  vpx_memset(cpi->rd_comp_pred_diff, 0, sizeof(cpi->rd_comp_pred_diff));
  vpx_memset(cpi->single_pred_count, 0, sizeof(cpi->single_pred_count));
  vpx_memset(cpi->comp_pred_count, 0, sizeof(cpi->comp_pred_count));
  vpx_memset(cpi->txfm_count_32x32p, 0, sizeof(cpi->txfm_count_32x32p));
  vpx_memset(cpi->txfm_count_16x16p, 0, sizeof(cpi->txfm_count_16x16p));
  vpx_memset(cpi->txfm_count_8x8p, 0, sizeof(cpi->txfm_count_8x8p));
  vpx_memset(cpi->rd_tx_select_diff, 0, sizeof(cpi->rd_tx_select_diff));
  {
    struct vpx_usec_timer  emr_timer;
    vpx_usec_timer_start(&emr_timer);

    {
      // Take tiles into account and give start/end MB
      int tile_col;
      TOKENEXTRA *tp = cpi->tok;
      for (tile_col = 0; tile_col < cm->tile_columns; tile_col++) {
        TOKENEXTRA *tp_old = tp;
        // For each row of SBs in the frame
        vp9_get_tile_col_offsets(cm, tile_col);

        for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; mb_row += 4) {
          encode_sb_row(cpi, mb_row, &tp, &totalrate);
        }
        cpi->tok_count[tile_col] = (unsigned int)(tp - tp_old);
      }
    }

    vpx_usec_timer_mark(&emr_timer);
    cpi->time_encode_mb_row += vpx_usec_timer_elapsed(&emr_timer);

  }

  // 256 rate units to the bit,
  // projected_frame_size in units of BYTES
  cpi->projected_frame_size = totalrate >> 8;


#if 0
  // Keep record of the total distortion this time around for future use
  cpi->last_frame_distortion = cpi->frame_distortion;
#endif

}

static int check_dual_ref_flags(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &cpi->mb.e_mbd;
  int ref_flags = cpi->ref_frame_flags;

  if (vp9_segfeature_active(xd, 1, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) {
    if ((ref_flags & (VP9_LAST_FLAG | VP9_GOLD_FLAG)) == (VP9_LAST_FLAG | VP9_GOLD_FLAG) &&
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, LAST_FRAME))
      return 1;
    if ((ref_flags & (VP9_GOLD_FLAG | VP9_ALT_FLAG)) == (VP9_GOLD_FLAG | VP9_ALT_FLAG) &&
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, GOLDEN_FRAME))
      return 1;
    if ((ref_flags & (VP9_ALT_FLAG  | VP9_LAST_FLAG)) == (VP9_ALT_FLAG  | VP9_LAST_FLAG) &&
        vp9_check_segref(xd, 1, ALTREF_FRAME))
      return 1;
    return 0;
  } else {
    return (!!(ref_flags & VP9_GOLD_FLAG) +
            !!(ref_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG) +
            !!(ref_flags & VP9_ALT_FLAG)) >= 2;
  }
}

static void reset_skip_txfm_size_mb(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                    MODE_INFO *mi, TX_SIZE txfm_max) {
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mi->mbmi;

  if (mbmi->txfm_size > txfm_max) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
    MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
    const int segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;

    xd->mode_info_context = mi;
    assert((vp9_segfeature_active(xd, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) ||
           (cm->mb_no_coeff_skip && mbmi->mb_skip_coeff));
    mbmi->txfm_size = txfm_max;
  }
}

static int get_skip_flag(MODE_INFO *mi, int mis, int ymbs, int xmbs) {
  int x, y;

  for (y = 0; y < ymbs; y++) {
    for (x = 0; x < xmbs; x++) {
      if (!mi[y * mis + x].mbmi.mb_skip_coeff)
        return 0;
    }
  }

  return 1;
}

static void set_txfm_flag(MODE_INFO *mi, int mis, int ymbs, int xmbs,
                          TX_SIZE txfm_size) {
  int x, y;

  for (y = 0; y < ymbs; y++) {
    for (x = 0; x < xmbs; x++)
      mi[y * mis + x].mbmi.txfm_size = txfm_size;
  }
}

static void reset_skip_txfm_size_sb32(VP9_COMP *cpi, MODE_INFO *mi,
                                      int mis, TX_SIZE txfm_max,
                                      int mb_rows_left, int mb_cols_left) {
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mi->mbmi;

  if (mbmi->txfm_size > txfm_max) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
    MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
    const int segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
    const int ymbs = MIN(2, mb_rows_left);
    const int xmbs = MIN(2, mb_cols_left);

    xd->mode_info_context = mi;
    assert((vp9_segfeature_active(xd, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) ||
           (cm->mb_no_coeff_skip && get_skip_flag(mi, mis, ymbs, xmbs)));
    set_txfm_flag(mi, mis, ymbs, xmbs, txfm_max);
  }
}

static void reset_skip_txfm_size_sb64(VP9_COMP *cpi, MODE_INFO *mi,
                                      int mis, TX_SIZE txfm_max,
                                      int mb_rows_left, int mb_cols_left) {
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mi->mbmi;

  if (mbmi->txfm_size > txfm_max) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
    MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
    const int segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
    const int ymbs = MIN(4, mb_rows_left);
    const int xmbs = MIN(4, mb_cols_left);

    xd->mode_info_context = mi;
    assert((vp9_segfeature_active(xd, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) ||
           (cm->mb_no_coeff_skip && get_skip_flag(mi, mis, ymbs, xmbs)));
    set_txfm_flag(mi, mis, ymbs, xmbs, txfm_max);
  }
}

static void reset_skip_txfm_size(VP9_COMP *cpi, TX_SIZE txfm_max) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  int mb_row, mb_col;
  const int mis = cm->mode_info_stride;
  MODE_INFO *mi, *mi_ptr = cm->mi;

  for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; mb_row += 4, mi_ptr += 4 * mis) {
    mi = mi_ptr;
    for (mb_col = 0; mb_col < cm->mb_cols; mb_col += 4, mi += 4) {
      if (mi->mbmi.sb_type == BLOCK_SIZE_SB64X64) {
        reset_skip_txfm_size_sb64(cpi, mi, mis, txfm_max,
                                  cm->mb_rows - mb_row, cm->mb_cols - mb_col);
      } else {
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
          const int x_idx_sb = (i & 1) << 1, y_idx_sb = i & 2;
          MODE_INFO *sb_mi = mi + y_idx_sb * mis + x_idx_sb;

          if (mb_row + y_idx_sb >= cm->mb_rows ||
              mb_col + x_idx_sb >= cm->mb_cols)
            continue;

          if (sb_mi->mbmi.sb_type) {
            reset_skip_txfm_size_sb32(cpi, sb_mi, mis, txfm_max,
                                      cm->mb_rows - mb_row - y_idx_sb,
                                      cm->mb_cols - mb_col - x_idx_sb);
          } else {
            int m;

            for (m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
              const int x_idx = x_idx_sb + (m & 1), y_idx = y_idx_sb + (m >> 1);
              MODE_INFO *mb_mi;

              if (mb_col + x_idx >= cm->mb_cols ||
                  mb_row + y_idx >= cm->mb_rows)
                continue;

              mb_mi = mi + y_idx * mis + x_idx;
              assert(mb_mi->mbmi.sb_type == BLOCK_SIZE_MB16X16);
              reset_skip_txfm_size_mb(cpi, mb_mi, txfm_max);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void vp9_encode_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
  if (cpi->sf.RD) {
    int i, frame_type, pred_type;
    TXFM_MODE txfm_type;

    /*
     * This code does a single RD pass over the whole frame assuming
     * either compound, single or hybrid prediction as per whatever has
     * worked best for that type of frame in the past.
     * It also predicts whether another coding mode would have worked
     * better that this coding mode. If that is the case, it remembers
     * that for subsequent frames.
     * It does the same analysis for transform size selection also.
     */
    if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
      frame_type = 0;
    else if (cpi->is_src_frame_alt_ref && cpi->refresh_golden_frame)
      frame_type = 3;
    else if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)
      frame_type = 1;
    else
      frame_type = 2;

    /* prediction (compound, single or hybrid) mode selection */
    if (frame_type == 3)
      pred_type = SINGLE_PREDICTION_ONLY;
    else if (cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][1] >
                 cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][0] &&
             cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][1] >
                 cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][2] &&
             check_dual_ref_flags(cpi) && cpi->static_mb_pct == 100)
      pred_type = COMP_PREDICTION_ONLY;
    else if (cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][0] >
                 cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][2])
      pred_type = SINGLE_PREDICTION_ONLY;
    else
      pred_type = HYBRID_PREDICTION;

    /* transform size (4x4, 8x8, 16x16 or select-per-mb) selection */

    cpi->mb.e_mbd.lossless = 0;
    if (cpi->oxcf.lossless) {
      txfm_type = ONLY_4X4;
      cpi->mb.e_mbd.lossless = 1;
    } else
    /* FIXME (rbultje)
     * this is a hack (no really), basically to work around the complete
     * nonsense coefficient cost prediction for keyframes. The probabilities
     * are reset to defaults, and thus we basically have no idea how expensive
     * a 4x4 vs. 8x8 will really be. The result is that any estimate at which
     * of the two is better is utterly bogus.
     * I'd like to eventually remove this hack, but in order to do that, we
     * need to move the frame reset code from the frame encode init to the
     * bitstream write code, or alternatively keep a backup of the previous
     * keyframe's probabilities as an estimate of what the current keyframe's
     * coefficient cost distributions may look like. */
    if (frame_type == 0) {
      txfm_type = ALLOW_32X32;
    } else
#if 0
    /* FIXME (rbultje)
     * this code is disabled for a similar reason as the code above; the
     * problem is that each time we "revert" to 4x4 only (or even 8x8 only),
     * the coefficient probabilities for 16x16 (and 8x8) start lagging behind,
     * thus leading to them lagging further behind and not being chosen for
     * subsequent frames either. This is essentially a local minimum problem
     * that we can probably fix by estimating real costs more closely within
     * a frame, perhaps by re-calculating costs on-the-fly as frame encoding
     * progresses. */
    if (cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][TX_MODE_SELECT] >
            cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ONLY_4X4] &&
        cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][TX_MODE_SELECT] >
            cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_16X16] &&
        cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][TX_MODE_SELECT] >
            cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_8X8]) {
      txfm_type = TX_MODE_SELECT;
    } else if (cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ONLY_4X4] >
                  cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_8X8]
            && cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ONLY_4X4] >
                  cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_16X16]
               ) {
      txfm_type = ONLY_4X4;
    } else if (cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_16X16] >=
                  cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_8X8]) {
      txfm_type = ALLOW_16X16;
    } else
      txfm_type = ALLOW_8X8;
#else
    txfm_type = cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][ALLOW_32X32] >=
                  cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][TX_MODE_SELECT] ?
                    ALLOW_32X32 : TX_MODE_SELECT;
#endif
    cpi->common.txfm_mode = txfm_type;
    if (txfm_type != TX_MODE_SELECT) {
      cpi->common.prob_tx[0] = 128;
      cpi->common.prob_tx[1] = 128;
    }
    cpi->common.comp_pred_mode = pred_type;
    encode_frame_internal(cpi);

    for (i = 0; i < NB_PREDICTION_TYPES; ++i) {
      const int diff = (int)(cpi->rd_comp_pred_diff[i] / cpi->common.MBs);
      cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][i] += diff;
      cpi->rd_prediction_type_threshes[frame_type][i] >>= 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < NB_TXFM_MODES; ++i) {
      int64_t pd = cpi->rd_tx_select_diff[i];
      int diff;
      if (i == TX_MODE_SELECT)
        pd -= RDCOST(cpi->mb.rdmult, cpi->mb.rddiv,
                     2048 * (TX_SIZE_MAX_SB - 1), 0);
      diff = (int)(pd / cpi->common.MBs);
      cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][i] += diff;
      cpi->rd_tx_select_threshes[frame_type][i] /= 2;
    }

    if (cpi->common.comp_pred_mode == HYBRID_PREDICTION) {
      int single_count_zero = 0;
      int comp_count_zero = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < COMP_PRED_CONTEXTS; i++) {
        single_count_zero += cpi->single_pred_count[i];
        comp_count_zero += cpi->comp_pred_count[i];
      }

      if (comp_count_zero == 0) {
        cpi->common.comp_pred_mode = SINGLE_PREDICTION_ONLY;
      } else if (single_count_zero == 0) {
        cpi->common.comp_pred_mode = COMP_PREDICTION_ONLY;
      }
    }

    if (cpi->common.txfm_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT) {
      const int count4x4 = cpi->txfm_count_16x16p[TX_4X4] +
                           cpi->txfm_count_32x32p[TX_4X4] +
                           cpi->txfm_count_8x8p[TX_4X4];
      const int count8x8_lp = cpi->txfm_count_32x32p[TX_8X8] +
                              cpi->txfm_count_16x16p[TX_8X8];
      const int count8x8_8x8p = cpi->txfm_count_8x8p[TX_8X8];
      const int count16x16_16x16p = cpi->txfm_count_16x16p[TX_16X16];
      const int count16x16_lp = cpi->txfm_count_32x32p[TX_16X16];
      const int count32x32 = cpi->txfm_count_32x32p[TX_32X32];

      if (count4x4 == 0 && count16x16_lp == 0 && count16x16_16x16p == 0 &&
          count32x32 == 0) {
        cpi->common.txfm_mode = ALLOW_8X8;
        reset_skip_txfm_size(cpi, TX_8X8);
      } else if (count8x8_8x8p == 0 && count16x16_16x16p == 0 &&
                 count8x8_lp == 0 && count16x16_lp == 0 && count32x32 == 0) {
        cpi->common.txfm_mode = ONLY_4X4;
        reset_skip_txfm_size(cpi, TX_4X4);
      } else if (count8x8_lp == 0 && count16x16_lp == 0 && count4x4 == 0) {
        cpi->common.txfm_mode = ALLOW_32X32;
      } else if (count32x32 == 0 && count8x8_lp == 0 && count4x4 == 0) {
        cpi->common.txfm_mode = ALLOW_16X16;
        reset_skip_txfm_size(cpi, TX_16X16);
      }
    }

    // Update interpolation filter strategy for next frame.
    if ((cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) && (cpi->sf.search_best_filter))
      vp9_select_interp_filter_type(cpi);
  } else {
    encode_frame_internal(cpi);
  }

}

void vp9_setup_block_ptrs(MACROBLOCK *x) {
  int r, c;
  int i;

  for (r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
    for (c = 0; c < 4; c++)
      x->block[r * 4 + c].src_diff = x->src_diff + r * 4 * 16 + c * 4;
  }

  for (r = 0; r < 2; r++) {
    for (c = 0; c < 2; c++)
      x->block[16 + r * 2 + c].src_diff = x->src_diff + 256 + r * 4 * 8 + c * 4;
  }


  for (r = 0; r < 2; r++) {
    for (c = 0; c < 2; c++)
      x->block[20 + r * 2 + c].src_diff = x->src_diff + 320 + r * 4 * 8 + c * 4;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < 24; i++)
    x->block[i].coeff = x->coeff + i * 16;
}

void vp9_build_block_offsets(MACROBLOCK *x) {
  int block = 0;
  int br, bc;

  vp9_build_block_doffsets(&x->e_mbd);

  for (br = 0; br < 4; br++) {
    for (bc = 0; bc < 4; bc++) {
      BLOCK *this_block = &x->block[block];
      // this_block->base_src = &x->src.y_buffer;
      // this_block->src_stride = x->src.y_stride;
      // this_block->src = 4 * br * this_block->src_stride + 4 * bc;
      this_block->base_src = &x->src.y_buffer;
      this_block->src_stride = x->src.y_stride;
      this_block->src = 4 * br * this_block->src_stride + 4 * bc;
      ++block;
    }
  }

  // u blocks
  for (br = 0; br < 2; br++) {
    for (bc = 0; bc < 2; bc++) {
      BLOCK *this_block = &x->block[block];
      this_block->base_src = &x->src.u_buffer;
      this_block->src_stride = x->src.uv_stride;
      this_block->src = 4 * br * this_block->src_stride + 4 * bc;
      ++block;
    }
  }

  // v blocks
  for (br = 0; br < 2; br++) {
    for (bc = 0; bc < 2; bc++) {
      BLOCK *this_block = &x->block[block];
      this_block->base_src = &x->src.v_buffer;
      this_block->src_stride = x->src.uv_stride;
      this_block->src = 4 * br * this_block->src_stride + 4 * bc;
      ++block;
    }
  }
}

static void sum_intra_stats(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x) {
  const MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const MB_PREDICTION_MODE m = xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.mode;
  const MB_PREDICTION_MODE uvm = xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.uv_mode;

#ifdef MODE_STATS
  const int is_key = cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME;

  ++ (is_key ? uv_modes : inter_uv_modes)[uvm];
  ++ uv_modes_y[m][uvm];

  if (m == B_PRED) {
    unsigned int *const bct = is_key ? b_modes : inter_b_modes;

    int b = 0;

    do {
      ++ bct[xd->block[b].bmi.as_mode.first];
    } while (++b < 16);
  }

  if (m == I8X8_PRED) {
    i8x8_modes[xd->block[0].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
    i8x8_modes[xd->block[2].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
    i8x8_modes[xd->block[8].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
    i8x8_modes[xd->block[10].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
  }
#endif

  if (xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.sb_type) {
    ++cpi->sb_ymode_count[m];
  } else {
    ++cpi->ymode_count[m];
  }
  if (m != I8X8_PRED)
    ++cpi->y_uv_mode_count[m][uvm];
  else {
    cpi->i8x8_mode_count[xd->block[0].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
    cpi->i8x8_mode_count[xd->block[2].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
    cpi->i8x8_mode_count[xd->block[8].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
    cpi->i8x8_mode_count[xd->block[10].bmi.as_mode.first]++;
  }
  if (m == B_PRED) {
    int b = 0;
    do {
      int m = xd->block[b].bmi.as_mode.first;
#if CONFIG_NEWBINTRAMODES
      if (m == B_CONTEXT_PRED) m -= CONTEXT_PRED_REPLACEMENTS;
#endif
      ++cpi->bmode_count[m];
    } while (++b < 16);
  }
}

// Experimental stub function to create a per MB zbin adjustment based on
// some previously calculated measure of MB activity.
static void adjust_act_zbin(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x) {
#if USE_ACT_INDEX
  x->act_zbin_adj = *(x->mb_activity_ptr);
#else
  int64_t a;
  int64_t b;
  int64_t act = *(x->mb_activity_ptr);

  // Apply the masking to the RD multiplier.
  a = act + 4 * cpi->activity_avg;
  b = 4 * act + cpi->activity_avg;

  if (act > cpi->activity_avg)
    x->act_zbin_adj = (int)(((int64_t)b + (a >> 1)) / a) - 1;
  else
    x->act_zbin_adj = 1 - (int)(((int64_t)a + (b >> 1)) / b);
#endif
}

static void update_sb64_skip_coeff_state(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                         ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES ta[16],
                                         ENTROPY_CONTEXT_PLANES tl[16],
                                         TOKENEXTRA *t[16],
                                         TOKENEXTRA **tp,
                                         int skip[16], int output_enabled) {
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;

  if (x->e_mbd.mode_info_context->mbmi.txfm_size == TX_32X32) {
    TOKENEXTRA tokens[4][1024+512];
    int n_tokens[4], n;

    // if there were no skips, we don't need to do anything
    if (!skip[0] && !skip[1] && !skip[2] && !skip[3])
      return;

    // if we don't do coeff skipping for this frame, we don't
    // need to do anything here
    if (!cpi->common.mb_no_coeff_skip)
      return;

    // if all 4 MBs skipped coeff coding, nothing to be done
    if (skip[0] && skip[1] && skip[2] && skip[3])
      return;

    // so the situation now is that we want to skip coeffs
    // for some MBs, but not all, and we didn't code EOB
    // coefficients for them. However, the skip flag for this
    // SB will be 0 overall, so we need to insert EOBs in the
    // middle of the token tree. Do so here.
    for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
      if (n < 3) {
        n_tokens[n] = t[n + 1] - t[n];
      } else {
        n_tokens[n] = *tp - t[3];
      }
      if (n_tokens[n]) {
        memcpy(tokens[n], t[n], n_tokens[n] * sizeof(*t[0]));
      }
    }

    // reset pointer, stuff EOBs where necessary
    *tp = t[0];
    for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
      if (skip[n]) {
        x->e_mbd.above_context = &ta[n * 2];
        x->e_mbd.left_context  = &tl[n * 2];
        vp9_stuff_sb(cpi, &x->e_mbd, tp, !output_enabled);
      } else {
        if (n_tokens[n]) {
          memcpy(*tp, tokens[n], sizeof(*t[0]) * n_tokens[n]);
        }
        (*tp) += n_tokens[n];
      }
    }
  } else {
    TOKENEXTRA tokens[16][16 * 25];
    int n_tokens[16], n;

    // if there were no skips, we don't need to do anything
    if (!skip[ 0] && !skip[ 1] && !skip[ 2] && !skip[ 3] &&
        !skip[ 4] && !skip[ 5] && !skip[ 6] && !skip[ 7] &&
        !skip[ 8] && !skip[ 9] && !skip[10] && !skip[11] &&
        !skip[12] && !skip[13] && !skip[14] && !skip[15])
      return;

    // if we don't do coeff skipping for this frame, we don't
    // need to do anything here
    if (!cpi->common.mb_no_coeff_skip)
      return;

    // if all 4 MBs skipped coeff coding, nothing to be done
    if (skip[ 0] && skip[ 1] && skip[ 2] && skip[ 3] &&
        skip[ 4] && skip[ 5] && skip[ 6] && skip[ 7] &&
        skip[ 8] && skip[ 9] && skip[10] && skip[11] &&
        skip[12] && skip[13] && skip[14] && skip[15])
      return;

    // so the situation now is that we want to skip coeffs
    // for some MBs, but not all, and we didn't code EOB
    // coefficients for them. However, the skip flag for this
    // SB will be 0 overall, so we need to insert EOBs in the
    // middle of the token tree. Do so here.
    for (n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
      if (n < 15) {
        n_tokens[n] = t[n + 1] - t[n];
      } else {
        n_tokens[n] = *tp - t[15];
      }
      if (n_tokens[n]) {
        memcpy(tokens[n], t[n], n_tokens[n] * sizeof(*t[0]));
      }
    }

    // reset pointer, stuff EOBs where necessary
    *tp = t[0];
    for (n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
      if (skip[n]) {
        x->e_mbd.above_context = &ta[n];
        x->e_mbd.left_context  = &tl[n];
        vp9_stuff_mb(cpi, &x->e_mbd, tp, !output_enabled);
      } else {
        if (n_tokens[n]) {
          memcpy(*tp, tokens[n], sizeof(*t[0]) * n_tokens[n]);
        }
        (*tp) += n_tokens[n];
      }
    }
  }
}

static void encode_macroblock(VP9_COMP *cpi, TOKENEXTRA **t,
                              int output_enabled,
                              int mb_row, int mb_col) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MODE_INFO *mi = xd->mode_info_context;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = &mi->mbmi;
  const int mis = cm->mode_info_stride;
  unsigned char ref_pred_flag;

  assert(!xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.sb_type);

#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
  enc_debug = (cpi->common.current_video_frame == 2 &&
               mb_row == 5 && mb_col == 18);
  if (enc_debug)
    printf("Encode MB %d %d output %d\n", mb_row, mb_col, output_enabled);
#endif
  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
    if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM && output_enabled) {
      // Adjust the zbin based on this MB rate.
      adjust_act_zbin(cpi, x);
      vp9_update_zbin_extra(cpi, x);
    }
  } else {
    vp9_setup_interp_filters(xd, mbmi->interp_filter, cm);

    if (cpi->oxcf.tuning == VP8_TUNE_SSIM) {
      // Adjust the zbin based on this MB rate.
      adjust_act_zbin(cpi, x);
    }

    // Experimental code. Special case for gf and arf zeromv modes.
    // Increase zbin size to suppress noise
    cpi->zbin_mode_boost = 0;
    if (cpi->zbin_mode_boost_enabled) {
      if (mbmi->ref_frame != INTRA_FRAME) {
        if (mbmi->mode == ZEROMV) {
          if (mbmi->ref_frame != LAST_FRAME)
            cpi->zbin_mode_boost = GF_ZEROMV_ZBIN_BOOST;
          else
            cpi->zbin_mode_boost = LF_ZEROMV_ZBIN_BOOST;
        } else if (mbmi->mode == SPLITMV)
          cpi->zbin_mode_boost = 0;
        else
          cpi->zbin_mode_boost = MV_ZBIN_BOOST;
      }
    }

    vp9_update_zbin_extra(cpi, x);

    // SET VARIOUS PREDICTION FLAGS

    // Did the chosen reference frame match its predicted value.
    ref_pred_flag = ((mbmi->ref_frame == vp9_get_pred_ref(cm, xd)));
    vp9_set_pred_flag(xd, PRED_REF, ref_pred_flag);
  }

  if (mbmi->ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
    if (enc_debug) {
      printf("Mode %d skip %d tx_size %d\n", mbmi->mode, x->skip,
             mbmi->txfm_size);
    }
#endif
    if (mbmi->mode == B_PRED) {
      vp9_encode_intra16x16mbuv(x);
      vp9_encode_intra4x4mby(x);
    } else if (mbmi->mode == I8X8_PRED) {
      vp9_encode_intra8x8mby(x);
      vp9_encode_intra8x8mbuv(x);
    } else {
      vp9_encode_intra16x16mbuv(x);
      vp9_encode_intra16x16mby(x);
    }

    if (output_enabled)
      sum_intra_stats(cpi, x);
  } else {
    int ref_fb_idx;
#ifdef ENC_DEBUG
    if (enc_debug)
      printf("Mode %d skip %d tx_size %d ref %d ref2 %d mv %d %d interp %d\n",
             mbmi->mode, x->skip, mbmi->txfm_size,
             mbmi->ref_frame, mbmi->second_ref_frame,
             mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.row, mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.col,
             mbmi->interp_filter);
#endif

    assert(cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME);

    if (mbmi->ref_frame == LAST_FRAME)
      ref_fb_idx = cpi->common.ref_frame_map[cpi->lst_fb_idx];
    else if (mbmi->ref_frame == GOLDEN_FRAME)
      ref_fb_idx = cpi->common.ref_frame_map[cpi->gld_fb_idx];
    else
      ref_fb_idx = cpi->common.ref_frame_map[cpi->alt_fb_idx];

    setup_pred_block(&xd->pre,
                     &cpi->common.yv12_fb[ref_fb_idx],
                     mb_row, mb_col,
                     &xd->scale_factor[0], &xd->scale_factor_uv[0]);

    if (mbmi->second_ref_frame > 0) {
      int second_ref_fb_idx;

      if (mbmi->second_ref_frame == LAST_FRAME)
        second_ref_fb_idx = cpi->common.ref_frame_map[cpi->lst_fb_idx];
      else if (mbmi->second_ref_frame == GOLDEN_FRAME)
        second_ref_fb_idx = cpi->common.ref_frame_map[cpi->gld_fb_idx];
      else
        second_ref_fb_idx = cpi->common.ref_frame_map[cpi->alt_fb_idx];

      setup_pred_block(&xd->second_pre,
                       &cpi->common.yv12_fb[second_ref_fb_idx],
                       mb_row, mb_col,
                       &xd->scale_factor[1], &xd->scale_factor_uv[1]);
    }

    if (!x->skip) {
      vp9_encode_inter16x16(x, mb_row, mb_col);

      // Clear mb_skip_coeff if mb_no_coeff_skip is not set
      if (!cpi->common.mb_no_coeff_skip)
        mbmi->mb_skip_coeff = 0;

    } else {
      vp9_build_inter16x16_predictors_mb(xd,
                                         xd->dst.y_buffer,
                                         xd->dst.u_buffer,
                                         xd->dst.v_buffer,
                                         xd->dst.y_stride,
                                         xd->dst.uv_stride,
                                         mb_row, mb_col);
#if CONFIG_COMP_INTERINTRA_PRED
      if (xd->mode_info_context->mbmi.second_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
        vp9_build_interintra_16x16_predictors_mb(xd,
                                                 xd->dst.y_buffer,
                                                 xd->dst.u_buffer,
                                                 xd->dst.v_buffer,
                                                 xd->dst.y_stride,
                                                 xd->dst.uv_stride);
      }
#endif
    }
  }

  if (!x->skip) {
#if 0  // def ENC_DEBUG
    if (enc_debug) {
      int i, j;
      printf("\n");
      printf("qcoeff\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 400; i++) {
        printf("%3d ", xd->qcoeff[i]);
        if (i % 16 == 15) printf("\n");
      }
      printf("\n");
      printf("predictor\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 384; i++) {
        printf("%3d ", xd->predictor[i]);
        if (i % 16 == 15) printf("\n");
      }
      printf("\n");
      printf("src_diff\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 384; i++) {
        printf("%3d ", x->src_diff[i]);
        if (i % 16 == 15) printf("\n");
      }
      printf("\n");
      printf("diff\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 384; i++) {
        printf("%3d ", xd->block[0].diff[i]);
        if (i % 16 == 15) printf("\n");
      }
      printf("\n");
      printf("final y\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
          printf("%3d ", xd->dst.y_buffer[i * xd->dst.y_stride + j]);
        printf("\n");
      }
      printf("\n");
      printf("final u\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
          printf("%3d ", xd->dst.u_buffer[i * xd->dst.uv_stride + j]);
        printf("\n");
      }
      printf("\n");
      printf("final v\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
          printf("%3d ", xd->dst.v_buffer[i * xd->dst.uv_stride + j]);
        printf("\n");
      }
      fflush(stdout);
    }
#endif

    vp9_tokenize_mb(cpi, xd, t, !output_enabled);

  } else {
    // FIXME(rbultje): not tile-aware (mi - 1)
    int mb_skip_context = cpi->common.mb_no_coeff_skip ?
      (mi - 1)->mbmi.mb_skip_coeff + (mi - mis)->mbmi.mb_skip_coeff : 0;

    if (cm->mb_no_coeff_skip) {
      mbmi->mb_skip_coeff = 1;
      if (output_enabled)
        cpi->skip_true_count[mb_skip_context]++;
      vp9_reset_mb_tokens_context(xd);
    } else {
      vp9_stuff_mb(cpi, xd, t, !output_enabled);
      mbmi->mb_skip_coeff = 0;
      if (output_enabled)
        cpi->skip_false_count[mb_skip_context]++;
    }
  }

  if (output_enabled) {
    int segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
    if (cpi->common.txfm_mode == TX_MODE_SELECT &&
        !((cpi->common.mb_no_coeff_skip && mbmi->mb_skip_coeff) ||
          (vp9_segfeature_active(&x->e_mbd, segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)))) {
      assert(mbmi->txfm_size <= TX_16X16);
      if (mbmi->mode != B_PRED && mbmi->mode != I8X8_PRED &&
          mbmi->mode != SPLITMV) {
        cpi->txfm_count_16x16p[mbmi->txfm_size]++;
      } else if (mbmi->mode == I8X8_PRED ||
                 (mbmi->mode == SPLITMV &&
                  mbmi->partitioning != PARTITIONING_4X4)) {
        cpi->txfm_count_8x8p[mbmi->txfm_size]++;
      }
    } else if (mbmi->mode != B_PRED && mbmi->mode != I8X8_PRED &&
        mbmi->mode != SPLITMV && cpi->common.txfm_mode >= ALLOW_16X16) {
      mbmi->txfm_size = TX_16X16;
    } else if (mbmi->mode != B_PRED &&
               !(mbmi->mode == SPLITMV &&
                 mbmi->partitioning == PARTITIONING_4X4) &&
               cpi->common.txfm_mode >= ALLOW_8X8) {
      mbmi->txfm_size = TX_8X8;
    } else {
      mbmi->txfm_size = TX_4X4;
    }
  }
}

static void encode_superblock32(VP9_COMP *cpi, TOKENEXTRA **t,
                                int output_enabled, int mb_row, int mb_col) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const uint8_t *src = x->src.y_buffer;
  uint8_t *dst = xd->dst.y_buffer;
  const uint8_t *usrc = x->src.u_buffer;
  uint8_t *udst = xd->dst.u_buffer;
  const uint8_t *vsrc = x->src.v_buffer;
  uint8_t *vdst = xd->dst.v_buffer;
  int src_y_stride = x->src.y_stride, dst_y_stride = xd->dst.y_stride;
  int src_uv_stride = x->src.uv_stride, dst_uv_stride = xd->dst.uv_stride;
  unsigned char ref_pred_flag;
  MODE_INFO *mi = x->e_mbd.mode_info_context;
  unsigned int segment_id = mi->mbmi.segment_id;
  const int mis = cm->mode_info_stride;

  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {